卡特彼勒CAT柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃油噴射控制聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置修理技術(shù)

Injection control linkage repair technology Caterpillar CAT diesel engine fuel

燃油噴射控制聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置

Fuel control linkage

每個(gè)缸頭裝有一個(gè)燃油噴射器(1)，齒桿(5)位置控制噴入氣缸的燃油量，拉動(dòng)齒桿離開噴油器噴油量相加，推動(dòng)齒桿進(jìn)入噴油器噴油量減少。

Each cylinder head is equipped with a fuel injector (1), toothed bar (5) the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder position control, pull rod rack left injector addition, push the gear lever into the injector to reduce the amount of.

通過角桿(3)改變齒桿位置，控制桿(4)移動(dòng)角桿，控制桿上部有調(diào)節(jié)螺絲，調(diào)節(jié)螺絲用于使所有噴油器同步，控制桿加彈簧載荷。如果某一噴油器的齒桿粘住(不能動(dòng))，調(diào)速器仍將能夠控制其它齒桿使柴油機(jī)可以停車。柴油機(jī)右邊每根控制桿連接桿(6)到控制軸(8)。

Through the angle bar (3) change the gear lever position, control rod (4) mobile angle bar, control rod adjusting screw, used to synchronize all the injector adjusting screw, control rod spring load. If the tooth rod stuck an injector is (not), the governor will still be able to control other toothed bar of the diesel engine can stop. Diesel engine on the right of each control rod connecting rod (6) to a control shaft (8).

從柴油機(jī)前面看，調(diào)速器軸轉(zhuǎn)向?yàn)轫槙r(shí)針時(shí)，調(diào)速器聯(lián)鎖動(dòng)作反時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)控制軸(8)，也就是，在燃油“開”方向(O N)。

The engine front, governor shaft turning clockwise, counterclockwise rotation speed of interlock control shaft (8), that is, in the fuel "open" direction (O N).

右邊控制軸(8)和左邊控制軸(2)通過交叉軸(9)連接，柴油機(jī)左邊噴油器和控制軸(2)的聯(lián)鎖與右邊相類似。

The right to control the shaft (8) and the control shaft (2) through the cross shaft (9) connected to the left, diesel engine injector and the control shaft (2) with the similar interlocking.

如果聯(lián)鎖件從調(diào)速器卸下，控制連鎖的重力將移動(dòng)噴油器到燃油“切斷”(SHuTOFF)位置，因此柴油機(jī)停車。

If the interlocking pieces from the governor to unload control chain, gravity will move to the fuel injector "cut off" (SHuTOFF), so the engine stop.

燃 油 噴 射 器

Fuel injector

噴射器被挾持器(3)挾緊，搖臂(2)向下推動(dòng)噴油器頂部時(shí)噴出燃油。凸輪軸通過提升器(7)和推桿(4)控制搖臂的運(yùn)動(dòng)，齒桿(5)控制噴油量，齒桿移動(dòng)引起固定在柱塞的齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，柱塞的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)改變了柱塞有效行程(實(shí)際噴油的行程部分)。

The injector is holding device (3) controls the tight, rocker arm (2) down to push the top jet fuel injector. Cam shaft through the riser (7) and a push rod (4) control rocker arm motion, toothed bar (5) to control the fuel injection quantity, tooth movement caused by rotation in the plunger rod fixed gear, piston rotation changes the plunger stroke (stroke of part of the actual injection).

噴射定時(shí)有兩個(gè)因素:凸輪軸(8)角位移和柱塞(6)位移，凸輪軸的角位移由柴油機(jī)尾部齒輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的凸輪軸調(diào)節(jié)，柱塞位移可用螺釘(1)調(diào)節(jié)。

Injection timing has two factors: (8) the angular displacement of the camshaft and piston (6) displacement, camshaft angular displacement of the camshaft is driven by diesel engine tail gear adjustment, plunger displacement by bolt (1) regulation.

噴射循環(huán)

Injection cycle

當(dāng)柱塞位于行程上部時(shí)，從燃油供應(yīng)園腔來的燃油，繞著噴油器周圍徑柱塞套筒的上下通口流入。隨著搖臂向下推動(dòng)柱塞，燃油被擠壓徑下通口流回供油腔，此時(shí)，燃油可以經(jīng)柱塞中心通道進(jìn)入，又經(jīng)套筒上通口流出，當(dāng)柱塞(6)上的下斜槽封閉下通口時(shí)，燃油還可以通過上通口流出，直到柱塞上斜槽將上通口封閉。此是，噴油開始，即有效行程開始。在有效行程期間，燃油噴入氣缸，直到柱塞(6)的向下移動(dòng)使下斜槽和相通而進(jìn)行卸壓為止。

When the piston is located in the upper part of the stroke, the fuel supply garden cavity to fuel, around around the injector plunger sleeve up and down through the mouth into the. With the rocker arm down to push the piston, the fuel is extruded through the mouth into the oil cavity diameter, at this time, the fuel can be the center of plunger channel into, and the sleeve through hole, when the plunger (6) under the chute on the closed condition through the mouth, the fuel can flow through the opening, straight to the plunger chute the upper port closed. This is, injection, namely the effective stroke. During the effective stroke, fuel injected into the cylinder, piston (6) until the downward movement of the flume and communicated but relief.

在其余的向下行程期間，燃油流通過柱塞(6)的中心通道和下部通口，下部通口打開，而使壓力突然下降引起燃油以高壓力撞擊回油裝置，這回油裝置保護(hù)了噴油殼體避免因回油壓力而受磨損。向下行程時(shí)，噴油器套筒園腔重新充滿燃油。

In the down stroke during the rest of the fuel flow, the plunger (6) the center channel and a lower opening, the lower port is open, but the sudden drop in pressure caused by high pressure fuel impinging oil return device, this device to protect the oil injection casing to avoid return oil pressure and wear. The downward stroke, injector sleeve Park cavity filled again with fuel.

搖臂(2)上下推動(dòng)柱塞的同時(shí)，齒桿可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)柱塞。柱塞上面有一平面與齒圈相固定，齒圈又與齒柱相接。齒圈內(nèi)徑上也有一平面，柱塞在齒圈內(nèi)上下滑動(dòng)，兩接合平面使點(diǎn)圈和柱塞一起旋轉(zhuǎn)，齒柱與齒圈相接。當(dāng)齒桿移動(dòng)時(shí)， 通過齒圈轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)了柱塞。柱塞(6)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)控制噴油定時(shí)和噴油器輸出量。柱塞的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)改變了柱塞槽與套筒通口的相對(duì)位置，因而增加或減少有效行程的長度。

The rocker arm (2) on the plunger is pushed at the same time, gear lever can rotate the plunger. Plunger with a plane and the gear ring is fixed, the ring gear which is connected with the tooth column. The ring gear on the inner diameter of a plane, a plunger sliding under the gear ring, two joint plane makes a point of ring and the plunger rotates with the ring gear, tooth column. When the gear lever, through the rotation of the ring gear of the plunger. Plunger (6) rotation control of injection timing and fuel injector output. The plunger rotation changes the relative position of the plunger and sleeve through the mouth of the groove, thus increase or decrease the effective length of stroke.

當(dāng)齒桿一直向噴油器體移動(dòng)，在柱塞向下行程中不發(fā)生噴油，這是燃油“切斷”位置。離開噴油器體的小量齒桿移動(dòng)作用為調(diào)速的“無油”移動(dòng)或“停噴”位置。這段“無油”距離從齒桿向里推到盡頭開始，到下斜槽與下通口相通而上斜槽與上通口相閉為止。齒桿從“斷”位置移到“開”方向，在柱塞行程使斜槽封閉通口而開始噴油時(shí)有一個(gè)間距。隨著齒桿在“開”方向向外移動(dòng)，噴射沖程期間的燃油量增加，直到齒桿拉盡得到最大的噴油量。

When the gear lever to the injector body moving, injection can not occur in the down stroke of the plunger, fuel oil is the "off" position. Small toothed bar moving without the injector body for speed "oil-free" mobile or "stopped" position. This "oil-free" distance from pole to push to the end, to the flume and pass under the outlet and the chute and opening phase is closed so far. Gear lever from the "off" position to "open" direction, in the plunger stroke the chute closed port and start injection with a spacing. With the toothed bar in "open" direction moves outward, the amount of fuel injection to increase stroke, until the toothed bar pull do get the largest quantity of fuel injection.

柱塞上的斜槽用以定出開始噴油的時(shí)間和調(diào)節(jié)每噴油行程的燃油量，斜槽可以改變噴射相對(duì)于柴油機(jī)活塞位置的開始時(shí)刻，對(duì)于柴油機(jī)的不同載荷可以改變有效行程的長度。根據(jù)柴油機(jī)需要，噴油開始可以滯后以減少或增加噴油器輸出量。

The chute on the plunger is used to set the start of fuel injection time and adjust each injection stroke fuel injection, chute can change relative to the piston position of the diesel engine start time, for different load of the diesel engine can change the effective length of stroke. According to the diesel engine, fuel injection began to lag increases the injector output to reduce or.

燃油噴射行程期間，燃油從套筒腔流經(jīng)輸油伐，輸油伐有一個(gè)加載彈簧針伐，伐濟(jì)錐形面與伐座相密合，輸油伐角度比伐座角度稍大以形成線接觸。輸油伐在約20000至23000千巴(2800至3400磅／吋²)開啟，在約10300千巴(1500磅／吋²)關(guān)閉。燃油從套筒子內(nèi)的園腔，流經(jīng)彈簧籠的鉆孔通道和溝槽，而后通過伐將道流到針伐腔。在這里，燃油壓力將針伐提升離開其座封座，燃油通過噴咀，離開噴咀孔道噴進(jìn)燃燒室。

During the injection stroke, the fuel from the sleeve cavity through the oil valve, oil valve has a spring loaded needle cutting, cutting Ji conical surface and a valve seat sealing oil phase, cutting angle is slightly larger than the valve seat to form a line contact angle. Oil of around 20000 to 23000000 bar (2800 to 3400 lb / Cun) opening, at about 10300000 bar (1500 lb / Cun) closed. Fuel from the garden set within the package cavity, through the drilling channel and trench spring cage, and then through the flow of the needle cutting cavity. Here, the pressure of the fuel to be lifted from the needle cutting seat sealing seat, fuel through the nozzle, leaving the nozzle channel sprayed into the combustion chamber.

針伐上面有一個(gè)止回伐，防止高壓燃?xì)鈴膰娪推饕莩觥Ｔ趪娚溲h(huán)間，如果針伐外雜物頂開一會(huì)兒，燃?xì)饪梢耘苓M(jìn)噴油器造成破壞，噴油器與止回伐一齊動(dòng)作，直到外雜物被沖洗，開始正常工作為止。

Needle cutting with a check valve, prevent the release of high-pressure gas from the fuel injector. In the injection cycle, if the needle cutting outside sundries top open for a while, the gas can cause damage into the injector, the injector together and check cutting action, until the outer debris washed, start work now.

噴油器噴咀在缸頭下伸短部分進(jìn)入燃燒室，噴咀有幾個(gè)小噴孔，均勻與布置在噴咀外經(jīng)周圍?；钊斆媸牵仔?/SPAN>(墨西哥帽式)，活塞設(shè)計(jì)使得空氣通過氣伐進(jìn)入燃燒室時(shí)引起渦流，這樣，改善了燃油和空氣的混合。

Fuel injector nozzle in the cylinder head elongation part into the combustion chamber, nozzle has a few small orifice, uniform and arranged on the nozzle and the surrounding. The top surface of piston is W (Mexico cap type), piston design makes the air caused by eddy current, gas cutting into the combustion chamber, improve the fuel and air mixing.